Geology 104 - Spring 2007
Lecture #22 - Hawaii Volcanoes NP, Haleakala NP
Hawaiian Archipelago Province
- Line of islands and submerged islands extending from Island
of Hawaii 1700 miles toward NW
- Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea on Hawaii >13,000' high
- Height decreases and age increases toward the NW
- Archipelago formed as Pacific Plate moved over a hot spot
- General Geologic Setting
- Sea floor is Cretaceous
- Volcanoes are Quaternary
Hawaii Volcanoes NP
Location and History
- NP 1916
- Eruptions continue today on Kilauea
- Hawaii Volcano Observatory
Geology
1. Basalt lava
- Quaternary in age
- Flows easily
- Pahoehoe and aa
- Pillow basalts
2. Volcanic features
- Shield volcanoes = large, gentle slopes
- Lava lakes = molten rock in crater
- Fissures
- Calderas
3. Mauna Loa
- Largest volcano in the world
- ~1 m.y. old
- One of the most active
4. Kilauea
- Youngest Hawaiian volcano
- Flows <1000 y.a.
- Currently erupting since 1983
5. Loihi
- New submarine volcano
- Next island? (in several 1000 yrs)
- Can observe pillow basalt forming
Haleakala NP
Location and history
- NP 1961
- Includes parts of East Maui Volcano
Geology
1. Volcanics
- Tertiary basalts
- Younger cinder cones
- Most recent eruption was in 1790
2. Post-volcanic history
- Eroded
- 2 drainage basins eroded together, making Haleakala crater
- note this isn't really a crater
- Rocks colored by iron oxide
- Tropical rainforests on NE side
- Wavecut platforms and cliffs
Link to Volcano
World - a Web site full of information, maps, pictures, and
video clips about the volcanoes of Hawaii and other volcanoes
around the world.
Hawaii
slides
Haleakala
slides
Return to the Geology 104 Home Page.
Please report any problems to herrstro@uiuc.edu.